Canonical představil Ubuntu optimalizované pro jednodeskový počítač s RISC-V procesorem Milk-V Mars.
Armbian, tj. linuxová distribuce založená na Debianu a Ubuntu optimalizovaná pro jednodeskové počítače na platformě ARM a RISC-V, ke stažení ale také pro Intel a AMD, byl vydán ve verzi 24.5.1 Havier. Přehled novinek v Changelogu.
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Přihlaste svou přednášku na další ročník konference LinuxDays, který proběhne 12. a 13. října na FIT ČVUT v pražských Dejvicích. CfP poběží do konce prázdnin, pak proběhne veřejné hlasování a výběr přednášek.
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Firma Murena představila /e/OS verze 2.0. Jde o alternativní sestavení Androidu bez aplikací Google. Mezi novinkami je podrobnější nastavení ochrany soukromí před sledováním aplikacemi. Murena prodává několik smartphonů s předinstalovaným /e/OS (Fairphone, repasovaný Google Pixel 5).
Do 30. května lze v rámci akce Warhammer Skulls 2024 získat na Steamu zdarma hru Warhammer 40,000: Gladius - Relics of War.
HelenOS (Wikipedie), tj. svobodný operační systém českého původu založený na architektuře mikrojádra, byl vydán ve verzi 0.14.1. Přehled novinek v poznámkách k vydání. Vypíchnou lze nabídku Start. Videopředstavení na YouTube.
Module Size Used by sg 38044 0 sr_mod 17060 0 md5 3872 1 ipv6 232352 10 lp 12200 0 snd-seq-midi 8160 0 snd-emu10k1-synth 6816 0 snd-emux-synth 36320 1 snd-emu10k1-synth snd-seq-virmidi 6912 1 snd-emux-synth snd-seq-midi-emul 7776 1 snd-emux-synth snd-seq-oss 31232 0 snd-seq-midi-event 7552 3 snd-seq-midi,snd-seq-virmidi,snd-seq-oss snd-seq 51024 8 snd-seq-midi,snd-emux-synth,\ snd-seq-virmidi,snd-seq-midi-emul,snd-seq-oss,\ snd-seq-midi-event snd-pcm-oss 51812 0 snd-mixer-oss 17952 1 snd-pcm-oss snd-emu10k1 85508 2 snd-emu10k1-synth snd-rawmidi 23616 3 snd-seq-midi,snd-seq-virmidi,snd-emu10k1 snd-pcm 93156 2 snd-pcm-oss,snd-emu10k1 snd-timer 24484 2 snd-seq,snd-pcm snd-seq-device 8008 7 snd-seq-midi,snd-emu10k1-synth,\ snd-emux-synth,snd-seq-oss,snd-seq,snd-emu10k1,snd-rawmidi snd-ac97-codec 58148 1 snd-emu10k1 snd-page-alloc 11972 2 snd-emu10k1,snd-pcm snd-util-mem 4448 2 snd-emux-synth,snd-emu10k1 snd-hwdep 8928 2 snd-emux-synth,snd-emu10k1 snd 52484 18 snd-seq-midi,snd-emux-synth,snd-seq-virmidi,\ snd-seq-oss,snd-seq-midi-event,snd-seq,snd-pcm-oss,snd-mixer-oss,\ snd-emu10k1,snd-rawmidi,snd-pcm,snd-timer,snd-seq-device,\ snd-ac97-codec,snd-util-mem,snd-hwdep soundcore 9248 1 snd ipt_TOS 2240 12 ipt_REJECT 6464 4 ipt_pkttype 1536 4 ipt_LOG 5312 8 ipt_state 1728 11 ip_nat_irc 3984 0 ip_nat_tftp 3248 0 ip_nat_ftp 4592 0 ip_conntrack_irc 71124 1 ip_nat_irc ip_conntrack_tftp 3348 0 ip_conntrack_ftp 71668 1 ip_nat_ftp ipt_multiport 1856 0 ipt_conntrack 2304 0 iptable_filter 2624 1 iptable_mangle 2624 1 iptable_nat 23116 3 ip_nat_irc,ip_nat_tftp,ip_nat_ftp ip_conntrack 31152 9 ipt_state,ip_nat_irc,ip_nat_tftp,ip_nat_ftp,\ ip_conntrack_irc,ip_conntrack_tftp,ip_conntrack_ftp,\ ipt_conntrack,iptable_nat ip_tables 16704 10 ipt_TOS,ipt_REJECT,ipt_pkttype,\ ipt_LOG,ipt_state,ipt_multiport,ipt_conntrack,iptable_filter,iptable_mangle,\ iptable_nat af_packet 20520 2 hid 53312 0 raw 7616 1 ide-floppy 18752 0 ide-tape 34864 0 ide-cd 40548 0 cdrom 37184 2 sr_mod,ide-cd floppy 59444 0 8139too 23712 0 mii 4992 1 8139too ne2k-pci 8992 0 8390 9536 1 ne2k-pci ohci1394 33956 0 ieee1394 287856 1 ohci1394 nls_cp852 4736 1 vfat 13760 1 fat 45120 1 vfat nls_iso8859-2 4480 3 ntfs 85932 2 supermount 37876 1 ppa 12296 0 parport_pc 32832 0 imm 12360 0 scsi_mod 114744 4 sg,sr_mod,ppa,imm parport 38952 4 lp,ppa,parport_pc,imm usblp 12256 0 ehci-hcd 24196 0 ohci-hcd 18692 0 usbcore 99132 6 hid,usblp,ehci-hcd,ohci-hcd rtc 11576 0 ext3 110376 2 jbd 54328 1 ext3a tady po:
Module Size Used by sg 38044 0 sr_mod 17060 0 md5 3872 1 ipv6 232352 10 lp 12200 0 snd-seq-midi 8160 0 snd-emu10k1-synth 6816 0 snd-emux-synth 36320 1 snd-emu10k1-synth snd-seq-virmidi 6912 1 snd-emux-synth snd-seq-midi-emul 7776 1 snd-emux-synth snd-seq-oss 31232 0 snd-seq-midi-event 7552 3 snd-seq-midi,snd-seq-virmidi,snd-seq-oss snd-seq 51024 8 snd-seq-midi,snd-emux-synth,\ snd-seq-virmidi,snd-seq-midi-emul,snd-seq-oss,\ snd-seq-midi-event snd-pcm-oss 51812 0 snd-mixer-oss 17952 2 snd-pcm-oss snd-emu10k1 85508 4 snd-emu10k1-synth snd-rawmidi 23616 3 snd-seq-midi,snd-seq-virmidi,snd-emu10k1 snd-pcm 93156 2 snd-pcm-oss,snd-emu10k1 snd-timer 24484 2 snd-seq,snd-pcm snd-seq-device 8008 7 snd-seq-midi,snd-emu10k1-synth,\ snd-emux-synth,snd-seq-oss,snd-seq,snd-emu10k1,snd-rawmidi snd-ac97-codec 58148 1 snd-emu10k1 snd-page-alloc 11972 2 snd-emu10k1,snd-pcm snd-util-mem 4448 2 snd-emux-synth,snd-emu10k1 snd-hwdep 8928 2 snd-emux-synth,snd-emu10k1 snd 52484 20 snd-seq-midi,snd-emux-synth,\ snd-seq-virmidi,snd-seq-oss,snd-seq-midi-event,\ snd-seq,snd-pcm-oss,snd-mixer-oss,snd-emu10k1,\ snd-rawmidi,snd-pcm,snd-timer,snd-seq-device,\ snd-ac97-codec,snd-util-mem,snd-hwdep soundcore 9248 2 snd ipt_TOS 2240 12 ipt_REJECT 6464 4 ipt_pkttype 1536 4 ipt_LOG 5312 8 ipt_state 1728 11 ip_nat_irc 3984 0 ip_nat_tftp 3248 0 ip_nat_ftp 4592 0 ip_conntrack_irc 71124 1 ip_nat_irc ip_conntrack_tftp 3348 0 ip_conntrack_ftp 71668 1 ip_nat_ftp ipt_multiport 1856 0 ipt_conntrack 2304 0 iptable_filter 2624 1 iptable_mangle 2624 1 iptable_nat 23116 3 ip_nat_irc,ip_nat_tftp,ip_nat_ftp ip_conntrack 31152 9 ipt_state,ip_nat_irc,ip_nat_tftp,ip_nat_ftp,\ ip_conntrack_irc,ip_conntrack_tftp,ip_conntrack_ftp,\ ipt_conntrack,iptable_nat ip_tables 16704 10 ipt_TOS,ipt_REJECT,ipt_pkttype,ipt_LOG,\ ipt_state,ipt_multiport,ipt_conntrack,iptable_filter,\ iptable_mangle,iptable_nat af_packet 20520 2 hid 53312 0 raw 7616 1 ide-floppy 18752 0 ide-tape 34864 0 ide-cd 40548 0 cdrom 37184 2 sr_mod,ide-cd floppy 59444 0 8139too 23712 0 mii 4992 1 8139too ne2k-pci 8992 0 8390 9536 1 ne2k-pci ohci1394 33956 0 ieee1394 287856 1 ohci1394 nls_cp852 4736 1 vfat 13760 1 fat 45120 1 vfat nls_iso8859-2 4480 3 ntfs 85932 2 supermount 37876 1 ppa 12296 0 parport_pc 32832 0 imm 12360 0 scsi_mod 114744 4 sg,sr_mod,ppa,imm parport 38952 4 lp,ppa,parport_pc,imm usblp 12256 0 ehci-hcd 24196 0 ohci-hcd 18692 0 usbcore 99132 6 hid,usblp,ehci-hcd,ohci-hcd rtc 11576 0 ext3 110376 2 jbd 54328 1 ext3
alsactl restore
, protoze na to asi autori klikadel zapomneli. Pri vypinani systemu je potreba provest alsactl store
, treba nekdo ze stastnych uzivatelu tohoto skvostu mezi distribucemi poradi kam... :/
#!/bin/bash # # /etc/init.d/alsa This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # ALSA sound driver. # # This script requires /usr/sbin/alsactl and /usr/bin/aconnect programs # from the alsa-utils package. # # Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela # # Slightly modified for Debian GNU/Linux by Wichert Akkerman. # Masato Taruishi. # # Slightly modified for Linux-Mandrake by Chmouel Boudjnah # # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA # #daemon # # chkconfig: 2345 17 70 # description: This shell script launch the alsa sound system on your # system. . /etc/init.d/functions PKLVL=$(cut -f1 /proc/sys/kernel/printk) sysctl -n -w kernel.printk=0 alsactl=/usr/sbin/alsactl aconnect=/usr/bin/aconnect [[ ! -f /usr/share/alsa/alsa-utils ]] && exit 0 [[ -e /etc/sysconfig/alsa ]] && . /etc/sysconfig/alsa . /usr/share/alsa/alsa-utils function start() { found_driver="false" gprintf "Starting ALSA version %s:" "$alsa_version" # First load the ALSA common driver and check whether devfs properly # can be available when the working kernel has devfs support. /sbin/modprobe snd if [ ! -e /dev/snd ]; then if [ -d /proc/asound/dev ]; then # you are using the kernel without devfs so simply create # symlink ln -s /proc/asound/dev /dev/snd else # you are using the kernel with devfs but disabling devfs. /sbin/modprobe -r snd exit 0 fi fi /sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^((alias)|(probe)) +(sound|snd)-(slot|card)-[0-9]/ {print $3}' | ( \ while read line; do [[ $line != snd-* ]] && continue found_driver="found" desc=`echo $line | cut -d- -f 2` if /sbin/modprobe $line >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo -n " $desc" found_driver="detect" else echo -n " ($desc)" fi done case $found_driver in detect) echo -n "." success;echo ;; false) if [ $alsa_version = "none" ]; then gprintf " no driver installed."; failure;echo exit 1 else gprintf " no sound cards defined."; failure;echo exit 1 fi ;; found) success;echo exit 1 ;; esac ) || exit 0 # # Enabling sound devices for alsactl. get_sound_devs enable_sound_devs # restore driver settings # if [ -x $alsactl ]; then gprintf "Doing alsactl to restore mixer settings..." $alsactl restore >/dev/null 2>&1 || true success;echo fi } function startoss() { [ "$startosslayer" = true ] && for i in mixer pcm seq ; do /sbin/modprobe snd-${i}-oss >/dev/null 2>&1 ; done } function detect_stop() { # # remove all sound modules # clean=0 modprobe -r snd-seq-oss modprobe -r snd-pcm-oss modprobe -r snd-mixer-oss /sbin/lsmod | grep -E "^snd" | ( while read line; do \ /sbin/rmmod `echo $line | cut -d ' ' -f 1` >/dev/null 2>&1 || clean=1; \ done # remove the 2.2 soundcore module (if possible) /sbin/rmmod soundcore >/dev/null 2>&1 || true /sbin/rmmod gameport 2> /dev/null || true if [ $clean = 1 ]; then exit 1 fi ) if [ $? = 1 ]; then return 1 fi } function stop() { # # store driver settings # if [ -x $alsactl ]; then gprintf "Doing alsactl to store mixer settings..." $alsactl store >/dev/null 2>&1 || true sleep 1 success;echo fi gprintf "Shutting down ALSA sound driver (version %s): " "$alsa_version" # Make sure that no devices are opened while # we are killing the procs that have devices open get_sound_devs get_sound_devs_proc disable_sound_devs #chmod 000 $sound_devs_proc As of drivers 0.5.8a these permissions can't be changed if [ "$ALSA_KILL_MODE" = "force" ]; then kill_procs_using_sound_devs # # remove all sequencer connections if any # if [ -f /proc/asound/seq/clients -a -x $aconnect ]; then $aconnect --removeall fi else get_procs_using_sound_devs if [ -n "$procs_using_sound_devs" ]; then gprintf "no. (sound is being used by pid %s)" "$procs_using_sound_devs)" chmod 660 $sound_devs_dev failure;echo exit 0 fi fi # # remove all sound modules # detect_stop enable_sound_devs #chmod 600 $sound_devs_proc As of drivers 0.5.8a these permissions can't be changed if [ ! -f /dev/.devfsd ] && [ -L /dev/snd ]; then rm -f /dev/snd fi } function detect_start() { # # run only detect module # /sbin/modprobe snd-detect >/dev/null 2>&1 || true } # Initialize some variables. get_alsa_version # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) # Start driver. if [ ! -d /proc/asound ]; then if /sbin/modprobe -c | egrep -qs "^alias( |\t)+(snd|sound)-(card|slot)-[0-9]( |\t)+snd-";then start && startoss touch /var/lock/subsys/alsa fi else if [ -f /proc/asound/detect ]; then gprintf "Shutting down ALSA sound detect module (version %s): " "$alsa_version" detect_stop success;echo start && startoss touch /var/lock/subsys/alsa else gprintf "ALSA driver (version %s) is already running." "$alsa_version" echo fi fi ;; stop) # Stop daemons. if [ -d /proc/asound ]; then if [ -f /proc/asound/detect ]; then detect_stop rm -f /var/lock/subsys/alsa else if stop; then success;echo rm -f /var/lock/subsys/alsa else failure;echo rm -f /var/lock/subsys/alsa fi fi else gprintf "ALSA driver isn't running." echo fi ;; status) if egrep -q '(sparcaudio|sound)' /proc/devices;then gprintf "Sound loaded" echo fi ;; force-stop) ALSA_KILL_MODE="force" $0 stop ;; condrestart) if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/alsa ];then $0 stop && $0 $start fi ;; restart) $0 stop && $0 start ;; force-reload) ALSA_KILL_MODE="force" $0 restart ;; force-restart) ALSA_KILL_MODE="force" $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: %s\n" "$(basename $0) {start|stop|restart|force-reload|force-stop|force-restart}" exit 1 esac sysctl -n -w kernel.printk=$PKLVL exit 0a zde je kod sound:
#!/bin/sh # (c) MandrakeSoft, Chmouel Boudjnah # $Id: sound.init,v 1.15 2003/09/18 09:10:11 tvignaud Exp $ # # sound: This shell script launch the sound on your system. # # chkconfig: 2345 18 69 # description: This shell script launch the sound on your system. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions PKLVL=$(cut -f1 /proc/sys/kernel/printk) sysctl -n -w kernel.printk=0 function start_mixer () { # ALSA if [ -d /proc/asound ] && [ -x /usr/sbin/alsactl ]; then # is ALSA already configured ? if [[ ! -r /etc/asound.state ]]; then # provide decent default sound level for alsa drivers if [ -d /proc/asound ] && [ -x /usr/sbin/alsactl ];then MIXER_SETTINGS=/root/tmp/asound.state_tmp alsactl -f $MIXER_SETTINGS store # set some sane default volume and unmute needed channels: /etc/rc.d/rc.alsa_default $MIXER_SETTINGS action "Setting mixer settings" alsactl -f $MIXER_SETTINGS restore rm -f $MIXER_SETTINGS return 0 fi # if we've not alsa-utils, we'll fallback on OSS initialization below else # Not first boot: # Done by alsa service but only if sound service is not # enabled (hance this code path). # We'll merge in back aksa service once mdk9.2 is released. # [but we'll still handle both aumix & alsactl in order # to manage packages removing / driver switch] action "Loading mixer settings" /usr/sbin/alsactl restore return 0 fi fi # OSS if egrep -q '(sparcaudio|sound)' /proc/devices 2>/dev/null && \ [ "$retval" -eq 0 ] && [ -x /usr/bin/aumix ];then if [ ! -r /etc/.aumixrc ];then action "Setting mixer settings" /usr/bin/aumix -v80 -w80 -c80 else action "Loading mixer settings" /usr/bin/aumix -f /etc/.aumixrc -L fi fi } function stop_mixer () { if [ -d /proc/asound ] && [ -x /usr/sbin/alsactl ];then # done by alsa service (to merge back after mdk9.2 release) #action "Saving mixer settings" /usr/sbin/alsactl store return 0; fi if egrep -q '(sparcaudio|sound)' /proc/devices 2>/dev/null && [ -x /usr/bin/aumix ];then action "Saving mixer settings" /usr/bin/aumix -f /etc/.aumixrc -S fi } function module () { opt="" phrase=$1 alias=$2 [ -n "$3" ] && opt="-r" module=`/sbin/modprobe -c | egrep -s "^alias( |\t)+"$alias"( |\t)+" | awk '{ print $3 }'` if [ -n "$module" ] && [ "$module" != "off" ];then action "$phrase ($module)" modprobe "$opt" $module return $? fi } case $1 in start) retval=0 if [ ! -d /proc/asound ];then module "Loading sound module" sound || retval=1 /sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^((alias)|(probe)) +sound-slot-[0-9]/ {print $2}' | ( \ while read line; do [[ $line = snd-card-* ]] && continue #we do it via alsa script module "Loading sound module" $line || retval=1 done ) module "Loading midi module" midi fi start_mixer; touch /var/lock/subsys/sound ;; stop) # i should have the same semantic of alsa script than oss script, # but i do not , patches welcome. stop_mixer; rm -f /var/lock/subsys/sound ;; status) if egrep -q '(sparcaudio|sound)' /proc/devices;then gprintf "Sound loaded" echo fi ;; reload) ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: %s\n" "$(basename $0) {start|stop|restart|status}" exit 0 esac sysctl -n -w kernel.printk=$PKLVL exit 0
Startuji ALSA 1.0.6 snd-intel(8x0) [OK]
nahrávám nastavení mixéru /usr/sbin/alsactl: load state 1139: No soundcards found... [SELHALO]jakmile se prihlasim do uctu zvuk nehraje, pokud spustim alsaconf, nebo /usr/sbin/alsactl restore zvuk opet zacne fungovat...! neznamena to nejaky konflikt zarizeni, muzete mi prosim poradit?
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