Portál AbcLinuxu, 12. června 2024 15:30
Často je nutné vědět, jaký hardware máte v počítači, na němž používáte Linux. Pokud to z nějakého důvodu nevíte a nechcete to zjišťovat otevíráním počítače (případně to k ničemu nevede), existuje několik způsobů, jak to zjistit.
Příkaz lspci (ne-root uživatel jej musí spustit s uvedením celé cesty - /sbin/lspci) slouží k vypsání PCI zařízení a informací o sběrnici. Je možné z něho zjistit, jaké máte přídavné karty v počítači. Vzorový výpis vypadá takto:
0000:00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corp. 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset Host Bridge (rev 11) 0000:00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corp. 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset AGP Bridge (rev 11) 0000:00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corp. 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) 0000:00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corp. 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) 0000:00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corp. 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB 2.0 EHCI Controller (rev 01) 0000:00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corp. 82801 PCI Bridge (rev 81) 0000:00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corp. 82801DB/DBL (ICH4/ICH4-L) LPC Bridge (rev 01) 0000:00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corp. 82801DB/DBL (ICH4/ICH4-L) UltraATA-100 IDE Controller (rev 01) 0000:00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corp. 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) SMBus Controller (rev 01) 0000:01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation NV18 [GeForce4 MX 440SE AGP 8x] (rev a2) 0000:03:00.0 Multimedia audio controller: Ensoniq ES1370 [AudioPCI] 0000:03:01.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) 0000:03:02.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) 0000:03:03.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) 0000:03:04.0 Multimedia video controller: Brooktree Corporation Bt878 Video Capture (rev 11) 0000:03:04.1 Multimedia controller: Brooktree Corporation Bt878 Audio Capture (rev 11)
lspci vypisuje rozpoznané čipsety, nikoliv názvy zařízení pod nímž jsou prodávány, takže někdy můžete i odhalit, že v Linuxu údajně nepodporované zařízení je vybaveno stejným čipsetem jako zařízení podporované a často takto ono zařízení rozchodit.
lspci lze přidat i parametr -v, což způsobí, že jeho výpis bude o něco podrobnější. Lze zadat i několik v, čímž získáme ještě podrobnější informace.
--short.
Pro dlouhý výpis doporučuji:
# hwinfo &>/dev/nullUvádím příklad krátkého výpisu:
# hwinfo --short
cpu:
Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 1.80GHz, 1825 MHz
keyboard:
/dev/input/event4 Sun Microsystems Type 6 Keyboard
/dev/input/event2 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
mouse:
/dev/input/mice GenPS/2 Genius Wheel Mouse
printer:
/dev/usb/lp0 7260
tv card:
Brooktree Bt878
graphics card:
Micro-Star International GeForce4 MX420
sound:
Ensoniq ES1370 [AudioPCI]
storage:
Floppy disk controller
Micro-Star International 82801DB Ultra ATA Storage Controller
network:
Realtek RT8139
Realtek RT8139
Realtek RT8139
network interface:
bond0 Network Interface
dummy0 Network Interface
eql Network Interface
eth0 Ethernet network interface
eth1 Ethernet network interface
eth2 Ethernet network interface
gre0 Network Interface
ip6tnl0 Network Interface
lo Loopback network interface
sit0 Network Interface
teql0 Network Interface
tunl0 Network Interface
disk:
/dev/hda ST3120026A
/dev/hdb ST360021A
/dev/sda HP photosmart 7200
partition:
/dev/hda1 Partition
/dev/hda2 Partition
/dev/hdb1 Partition
/dev/hdb2 Partition
/dev/hdb3 Partition
cdrom:
/dev/hdc CD-W540E
/dev/hdd HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-4160B
floppy:
/dev/fd0 Floppy Disk
usb controller:
Micro-Star International 82801DB USB (Hub #1)
Micro-Star International 82801DB USB (Hub #2)
Micro-Star International 845PE Max (MS-6580) Onboard USB EHCI Controller
bios:
BIOS
bridge:
Intel 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset Host Bridge
Intel 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset AGP Bridge
Intel 82801BA/CA/DB/EB PCI Bridge
Intel 82801DB LPC Interface Controller
hub:
Linux 2.6.12.2 ehci_hcd Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller
Linux 2.6.12.2 uhci_hcd Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1
Linux 2.6.12.2 uhci_hcd Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #2
memory:
Main Memory
dvb card:
Brooktree Bt878 Audio Capture
unknown:
FPU
DMA controller
PIC
Timer
RTC
Keyboard controller
PS/2 Controller
Micro-Star International 82801DB/DBM SMBus Controller
/dev/ttyS0 16550A
/dev/ttyS1 16550A
HP photosmart 7200 series
Program hwinfo má údajně volbu --log, která by měla logovat výstup do souboru, ale mě to nějak nefungovalo. Proto používejte raději klasické přesměrování. Program hwinfo má i další volby, které se dočtete v jeho manuálových stránkách man hwinfo. Bohužel se zkompiluje jen na x86 a ppc, proto uživatelé amd64 (a uživatelé ostatních platforem) musí použít binárku.
# dmidecode # dmidecode 2.6 SMBIOS 2.3 present. 23 structures occupying 842 bytes. Table at 0x000F0630. Handle 0x0000 DMI type 0, 20 bytes. BIOS Information Vendor: American Megatrends Inc. Version: 07.00T Release Date: 04/02/01 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 512 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported BIOS ROM is socketed EDD is supported 5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported AGP is supported LS-120 boot is supported ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Handle 0x0001 DMI type 1, 25 bytes. System Information Manufacturer: Micro-Star Inc. Product Name: MS-6566E Version: 1.0 Serial Number: 00000000 UUID: Not Settable Wake-up Type: Modem Ring Handle 0x0002 DMI type 2, 8 bytes. Base Board Information Manufacturer: Micro-Star Inc. Product Name: MS-6566E Version: 1.0 Serial Number: 00000000 Handle 0x0004 DMI type 4, 32 bytes. Processor Information Socket Designation: FC-478 Type: Central Processor Family: Pentium 4 Manufacturer: Intel ID: 24 0F 00 20 55 00 00 00 Signature: Type 0, Family 15, Model 2, Stepping 4 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) DE (Debugging extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) PAE (Physical address extension) Version: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 Processor Voltage: 3.3 V 2.9 V External Clock: 101 MHz Max Speed: 3000 MHz Current Speed: 1818 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket 478 L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005 L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006 L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided Handle 0x0005 DMI type 7, 19 bytes. Cache Information Socket Designation: Internal Cache Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 8 KB Maximum Size: 1024 KB Supported SRAM Types: Synchronous Installed SRAM Type: Pipeline Burst Synchronous Speed: 40 ns Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC System Type: Data Associativity: 4-way Set-associative Handle 0x0006 DMI type 7, 19 bytes. Cache Information Socket Designation: Internal Cache Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 512 KB Maximum Size: 1024 KB Supported SRAM Types: Synchronous Installed SRAM Type: Synchronous Speed: 40 ns Error Correction Type: Parity System Type: Unified Associativity: Other Handle 0x0007 DMI type 5, 20 bytes. Memory Controller Information Error Detecting Method: None Error Correcting Capabilities: None Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave Current Interleave: One-way Interleave Maximum Memory Module Size: 1024 MB Maximum Total Memory Size: 2048 MB Supported Speeds: Other Supported Memory Types: DIMM SDRAM Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V Associated Memory Slots: 2 0x0008 0x0009 Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities: None Handle 0x0008 DMI type 6, 12 bytes. Memory Module Information Socket Designation: DIMM1 Bank Connections: 1 0 Current Speed: Unknown Type: DIMM SDRAM Installed Size: 256 MB (Double-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 256 MB (Double-bank Connection) Error Status: OK Handle 0x0009 DMI type 6, 12 bytes. Memory Module Information Socket Designation: DIMM2 Bank Connections: 3 2 Current Speed: Unknown Type: DIMM SDRAM Installed Size: 256 MB (Double-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 256 MB (Double-bank Connection) Error Status: OK Handle 0x000A DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information Designation: PCI1 Type: 32-bit PCI Current Usage: In Use Length: Long ID: 1 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Handle 0x0010 DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information Designation: AGP Type: 32-bit PCI Current Usage: In Use Length: Long ID: 4 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Handle 0x0011 DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information Designation: CNR Type: 32-bit PCI Current Usage: Available Length: Long ID: 5 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Handle 0x0013 DMI type 8, 9 bytes. Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: USB Internal Connector Type: Mini Centronics External Reference Designator: Def External Connector Type: DB-25 male Port Type: SSA SCSI Handle 0x0016 DMI type 127, 4 bytes. End Of TablePokud nás zajímá například pouze výpis slotů (volných i plných) pro paměťové moduly, hodí se přepínač
--type 6.
Ke zjištění HW lze použít i program lshw, popř. jeho grafickou variantu lshw-gtk:
# lshw -short
H/W path Device Class Description
===========================================================
system MS-6566E
/0 bus MS-6566E
/0/0 memory BIOS
/0/4 processor Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 1.80GHz
/0/4/5 memory L1 cache
/0/4/6 memory L2 cache
/0/1 memory System memory
/0/e0000000 bridge 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset Host Bridge
/0/e0000000/1 bridge 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset AGP Bridge
/0/e0000000/1/0 /dev/fb0 display NV18 [GeForce4 MX 440SE AGP 8x]
/0/e0000000/1d bus 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1
/0/e0000000/1d/1 usb2 bus Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1
/0/e0000000/1d/1/1 input Type 6 Keyboard
/0/e0000000/1d/1/2 scsi2 printer photosmart 7200 series
/0/e0000000/1d/1/2/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk photosmart 7200
/0/e0000000/1d.1 bus 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #2
/0/e0000000/1d.1/1 usb3 bus Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #2
/0/e0000000/1d.7 bus 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB 2.0 EHCI Controller
/0/e0000000/1d.7/1 usb1 bus Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller
/0/e0000000/1e bridge 82801 PCI Bridge
/0/e0000000/1e/0 multimedia ES1370 [AudioPCI]
/0/e0000000/1e/1 eth0 network RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+
/0/e0000000/1e/2 eth1 network RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+
/0/e0000000/1e/3 eth2 network RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+
/0/e0000000/1e/4 multimedia Bt878 Video Capture
/0/e0000000/1e/4.1 multimedia Bt878 Audio Capture
/0/e0000000/1f bridge 82801DB/DBL (ICH4/ICH4-L) LPC Bridge
/0/e0000000/1f.1 storage 82801DB/DBL (ICH4/ICH4-L) UltraATA-100 IDE Controller
/0/e0000000/1f.1/0 ide0 bus IDE Channel 0
/0/e0000000/1f.1/0/0 /dev/hda disk ST3120026A
/0/e0000000/1f.1/0/1 /dev/hdb disk ST360021A
/0/e0000000/1f.1/1 ide1 bus IDE Channel 1
/0/e0000000/1f.1/1/0 /dev/hdc disk CD-W540E
/0/e0000000/1f.1/1/1 /dev/hdd disk HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-4160B
/0/e0000000/1f.3 bus 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) SMBus Controller
/1 bond0 network Ethernet interface
/2 dummy0 network Ethernet interface
Bez přepínače -short získáme mnohem více informací.
# kudzu -p - class: OTHER bus: USB detached: 0 driver: unknown desc: "Linux 2.6.12.2 ehci_hcd Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller" usbclass: 9 usbsubclass: 0 usbprotocol: 0 usbbus: 1 usblevel: 0 usbport: 0 usbdev: 1 vendorId: 0000 deviceId: 0000 usbmfr: Linux 2.6.12.2 ehci_hcd usbprod: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller - class: OTHER bus: USB detached: 0 driver: unknown desc: "Linux 2.6.12.2 uhci_hcd Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1" usbclass: 9 usbsubclass: 0 usbprotocol: 0 usbbus: 2 usblevel: 0 usbport: 0 usbdev: 1 vendorId: 0000 deviceId: 0000 usbmfr: Linux 2.6.12.2 uhci_hcd usbprod: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1 - class: OTHER bus: USB detached: 0 driver: unknown desc: "hp photosmart 7200 series" usbclass: 0 usbsubclass: 0 usbprotocol: 0 usbbus: 2 usblevel: 1 usbport: 1 usbdev: 5 vendorId: 03f0 deviceId: b002 usbmfr: hp usbprod: photosmart 7200 series - class: NETWORK bus: PCI detached: 0 device: eth0 driver: unknown desc: "Unknown vendor|unknown device 10ec:8139" network.hwaddr: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX vendorId: 10ec deviceId: 8139 subVendorId: 10ec subDeviceId: 8139 pciType: 1 pcidom: 0 pcibus: 3 pcidev: 1 pcifn: 0 - class: MOUSE bus: PSAUX detached: 0 device: input/mice driver: generic3ps/2 desc: "GenPS/2 Genius Wheel Mouse" - class: CDROM bus: IDE detached: 0 device: hdc driver: ignore desc: "CD-W540E" - class: CDROM bus: IDE detached: 0 device: hdd driver: ignore desc: "HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-4160B" - class: VIDEO bus: PCI detached: 0 device: fb0 driver: unknown desc: "Unknown vendor|unknown device 10de:0182" vendorId: 10de deviceId: 0182 subVendorId: 1462 subDeviceId: 8900 pciType: 1 pcidom: 0 pcibus: 1 pcidev: 0 pcifn: 0 - class: HD bus: IDE detached: 0 device: hda driver: ignore desc: "ST3120026A" physical: 4047/16/255 logical: 16383/255/63 - class: KEYBOARD bus: PSAUX detached: 0 driver: ignore desc: "AT Translated Set 2 keyboard" - class: KEYBOARD bus: USB detached: 0 driver: keybdev desc: "Sun Microsystems, Inc. Type 6 Keyboard" usbclass: 3 usbsubclass: 1 usbprotocol: 1 usbbus: 2 usblevel: 1 usbport: 0 usbdev: 4 vendorId: 0430 deviceId: 0005
Dokument vytvořil: Leoš Literák, 7.8.2005 13:28 | Poslední úprava: Jan Zahornadsky, 23.1.2010 16:46 | Další přispěvatelé: David Watzke, Leoš Literák | Historie změn | Zobrazeno: 32464×
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